WASH Program in India-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the WASH Program in India. Answer: Introduction This report focuses on the literature review on ten articles based on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene on the Health (WASH) program in India and role Australian Red Cross in promoting WASH activities across India and regions in Asia Pacific. The whole literature view is proposed on the basis of ten recent articles about the WASH programs in India and their benefits. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Health (WASH) Freeman et al. (2013) stated that the objective of WASH sector is to reduce the risk of water related and diseases that born due to the water in the communities. It supports rehabilitation and construction of water points in schools and communities and also enhances the practice to build latrine across the places that are not much developed. It also promotes many promoting activities to motivate people to improve hygiene and minimize the threat of communicable diseases. In around the Asia-Pacific Australian Red Cross is working with villages and townships in order to access clean drinking water for people and promote health improvement and hygiene education(Redcross.org.au, 2017). There are several evidence which shows that WASH investments can have Significant benefits related to the economic, health and development of the communities of India and other Asia-Pacific regions. Ortiz,-Correa, Resende and Dinar (2016) discussed that For every $1 invested in water and sanitation, an aver age of at least $4 is returned in increased productivity. Hygiene promotion is the most cost-effective health intervention. In the article posted by Barnard et al. (2013) there is discussion done on the latrine use by the households in India considering 20 villages of Orissa (India) and included 1933 individuals and stated that the population households who were using latrines and those who were using there were only 47% latrines that were functioning properly. Based on cross sectional study including 331 random HIV infected people a survey was made in order to motivate people who are HIV positive towards the WASH program as their immune system are not so strong they may get affected very immediately to the diseases which spread due to water (Beyene and Hailu 2013). This study shows that 31% people were using contaminated latrine and 73.4% people were using bad hand-washing facilities. Despite of limited hygiene studies on those who are affected by HIV there could be lesser cases of diarrhea, influenza, skin infections and respiratory infections by using soap for hand washing (watercentre.org, 2017). Using soap reduces diarrhea cases by around 40% (Rabbi and Dey 2013), home storage and safe water treatment by 30-50% (Schmidt 2014), and disposal of faeces by 30% or more (Clasen et al. 2014). Practicing WASH program with the HIV infected people in Uganda shows that diarrhea decreased by one-fourth. Hulland et al. (2013) stated on the basis of formative research in Bangladesh rural and urban regions that In Bangladesh diarrheal disease and respiratory infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. They concluded that a number of technological, psychological and contextual factors influence the use of hand washing stations establish ed at five aggregate levels. A report by Ali (2013) provides a systematic review on the relationship between sanitation, water and nutrition. They also provide report of the survey over the impact of WASH program in Bangladesh. First report was the review discussion on the nutrition and WASH in Bangladesh. Another report as meant to synthesize the results based on the evidences that were evolving on the path of WASH and under nutrition for use by the trainers working in the nutrition, water and sanitation sectors to technically discuss the impacts and effective collaboration among the stakeholders. Olukanni (2013) discussed that the present state of WASH program in the schools of India are unsatisfactory because of the insufficient water supply, hygiene and sanitation education. It is necessary to provide adequate supplies of the equipments and material used in the WASH program to the schools if anyone willing to make this program successful in the secondary schools of India and edu cation about washing, sanitation and hygiene. Conclusion Based on the above report it can be concluded that for making WASH program successful in the whole world in order to make the world more safer place from the diseases that do affect due to the impure water and not washing hands. In order to make this happen it is necessary to have potential donors and reach to the places where reaching is difficult for an ordinary person. Australian Red Cross is playing a very important role in making this program successful around the slums and poor people around the Asia-Pacific regions. References: Barnard, S., Routray, P., Majorin, F., Peletz, R., Boisson, S., Sinha, A. and Clasen, T., 2013. Impact of Indian Total Sanitation Campaign on latrine coverage and use: a cross-sectional study in Orissa three years following programme implementation.PloS one,8(8), p.e71438. Beyene, H. and Hailu, D., 2013. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding water, sanitation and hygiene for people living with HIV/AIDS.Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development,3(1), pp.81-85. Clasen, T., Boisson, S., Routray, P., Torondel, B., Bell, M., Cumming, O., Ensink, J., Freeman, M., Jenkins, M., Odagiri, M. and Ray, S., 2014. Effectiveness of a rural sanitation programme on diarrhoea, soil-transmitted helminth infection, and child malnutrition in Odisha, India: a cluster-randomised trial.The Lancet Global Health,2(11), pp.e645-e653. Freeman, M.C., Ogden, S., Jacobson, J., Abbott, D., Addiss, D.G., Amnie, A.G., Beckwith, C., Cairncross, S., Callejas, R., Colford Jr, J.M. and Emerson, P.M., 2013. Integration of water, sanitation, and hygiene for the prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases: a rationale for inter-sectoral collaboration.PLoS neglected tropical diseases,7(9), p.e2439. Hulland, K.R., Leontsini, E., Dreibelbis, R., Unicomb, L., Afroz, A., Dutta, N.C., Nizame, F.A., Luby, S.P., Ram, P.K. and Winch, P.J., 2013. Designing a handwashing station for infrastructure-restricted communities in Bangladesh using the integrated behavioural model for water, sanitation and hygiene interventions (IBM-WASH).BMC public health,13(1), p.877. Olukanni, D.O., 2013. Assessment of wash program in public secondary schools in South-Western Nigeria.ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Science,8(3), p.222. Ortiz-Correa, J.S., Resende Filho, M. and Dinar, A., 2016. Impact of access to water and sanitation services on educational attainment.Water Resources and Economics,14, pp.31-43. Rabbi, S.E. and Dey, N.C., 2013. Exploring the gap between hand washing knowledge and practices in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional comparative study.BMC public health,13(1), p.89. Redcross.org.au. 2017.Supporting healthy communities in the Asia-Pacific, read Kyaw Kyaw and May Win's story. [online] Available at: https://www.redcross.org.au/campaigns/healthy-asia-pacific-communities-case-study.aspx [Accessed 3 Aug. 2017]. Schmidt, W.P., 2014. The elusive effect of water and sanitation on the global burden of disease.Tropical medicine international health,19(5), pp.522-527. watercentre.org, 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.watercentre.org/portfolio/attachments/SustainableHygiene.pdf [Accessed 3 Aug. 2017].